Which maternal factor can lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?

Maternal smoking is indeed a significant factor contributing to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Smoking during pregnancy can lead to a variety of complications for the developing fetus, primarily due to the reduced oxygen and nutrient flow. The harmful chemicals present in cigarettes can constrict blood vessels and reduce placental blood flow, ultimately leading to lower oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus. This can result in inadequate fetal growth and development, causing the infant to be born smaller than expected for gestational age. Additionally, smoking is associated with other adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight, further emphasizing its detrimental impact on fetal health.

While maternal obesity, hypertension, and diabetes can also have effects on fetal growth, smoking specifically has a more direct link to IUGR due to its profound impact on placental function and fetal environment.