What is one of the key functions of surfactant in preventing respiratory issues?

Surfactant plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of alveoli by reducing surface tension within these tiny air sacs. By decreasing surface tension, surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation, thereby ensuring efficient gas exchange and maintaining lung compliance. This is particularly important in newborns, especially those born prematurely, who may not have sufficient surfactant, leading to conditions like Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). The functionality of surfactant is fundamentally linked to the mechanics of breathing, where its presence allows for easier inflation of the alveoli during inhalation and prevents their collapse when exhaling. This protective mechanism is vital for respiratory health and is a key function that aids in the prevention of respiratory issues.